湖北省禽白血病自然病例的病理学诊断及p53和Bcl-2基因表达情况的观察

应用组织病理学和SABC免疫组织化学技术,对湖北省武汉市的2批14日龄和33日龄疑似禽白血病肉鸡进行了病理学诊断,并观察了病鸡肝肿瘤组织中p53基因和Bcl-2基因的表达情况。剖检可见病鸡肝、肾、脾均不同程度肿胀,组织病理学检查在肝、肾、心等脏器可见散在或聚集成团的骨髓瘤细胞,胞浆内充满球形的嗜酸性颗粒;在病鸡肝肿瘤组织中p53和Bcl-2基因均呈阳性表达,诊断为J亚群禽白血病(ALV-J),提示p53基因和Bcl-2基因与肉鸡J亚群禽白血病有关。     

直肠癌浸润、转移、病理分期与中医辨证的相关性

目的 探讨直肠癌浸润、转移、病理分期与中医辨证的相关性。方法 采用前瞻性研究方法，基于TNM病理分期系统，对72例直肠癌患者的术前证型、肿瘤浸润程度、淋巴转移、远处转移、病理分期的关系进行统计分析。结果 实证与虚证的肿瘤浸润程度比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；湿热内蕴证的T1+T2期构成比明显多于其他证型（P<0.05，或P<0.01），T3+T4期构成比明显少于其他证型（P<0.05，或P<0.01）。虚证与实证的病理分期比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 中医辨证与肿瘤浸润程度、远处转移、病理分期显著相关。     

吸毒成瘾认定标准的基本架构——兼评《吸毒成瘾认定办法》

吸毒成瘾的标准,国际医学界持"病态说"的观点,但在中国适用的标准有着不凡的历程。公复[1998]3号文对吸毒成瘾采用"行为说"标准,规定只要有证据证明有吸毒行为就可认定为吸毒成瘾。随着"采取各种措施帮助吸毒人员戒除毒瘾,教育和挽救吸毒人员"的戒毒方针在《禁毒法》中的确立,《吸毒成瘾认定办法》也从医学角度对吸毒成瘾进行了重新审视,采纳了吸毒成瘾"病态说"的观点。     

A Silver‐Stain Modification of Standard Histological Slide Preparation for Use in Anthropology Analyses

The traditional histology method typically employed by forensic anthropologists involves plastic embedding of undecalcified bone. The embedded sample is then cut by a diamond blade saw and ground to the required thickness of ~50–100 microns using a grinder. There are several limitations to this method: Cement lines may be blurred; depth‐of‐field artifacts may result from viewing thick sections; and medicolegal offices with limited budgets may not be able to invest in additional equipment or training for this method. A silver nitrate stain modification of the standard histology preparation technique of decalcified bone is presented. The benefits of this technique are that: Cement lines are viewed clearly; no depth‐of‐field artifacts are present; and because this is a modification of the standard technique used by histology laboratories typically employed by medicolegal offices, no additional equipment or training is required.     

双峰驼胃腺囊区有腺部的组织学与组织化学研究

采用组织学与组织化学方法对骆驼前胃特有的三个腺囊区有腺部黏膜研究表明 ,其黏膜的组织结构和糖共轭物呈色反应基本相同 ,并和骆驼及其他动物的贲门腺区结构相似。所含腺体为黏液性腺体 ,呈短而直的单管状 ,直接开口于浅而密集的胃小凹。黏膜表面上皮、胃小凹上皮和腺上皮均呈柱状 ,但从黏膜表面到腺体盲端逐渐变矮 ,腺底部上皮核上细胞质呈弱嗜碱性 ,有嗜碱性颗粒。所有上皮的细胞质均可分泌中性糖和酸性糖共轭物 ,但呈色反应从黏膜表面上皮到腺体盲端逐渐减弱 ,黏膜表面上皮以分泌中性糖共轭物为主 ,而腺底部细胞以分泌酸性糖共轭物为主。在黏膜表面还附有一层很厚的混合糖共轭物。三个腺囊区的主要差异表现在第二室腺囊区面积最小 ,腺囊容积也最小 ,但腺囊数目最多 ,囊底黏膜褶丰富 ,黏膜层厚 ,腺体密集 ,深而密布的胃沟将黏膜分成无数小区 ,腺体中的亲银细胞丰富 ,明显多于前、后腺囊区 ,提示此区尚有分泌大量 5 羟色胺的功能     

法医骨组织学研究

在实际检案中 ,当现场发现的骨骼残片体积较小时 ,用解剖学观察无法进行骨骼残片的法医鉴定 ,需使用骨组织学的方法进行骨骼残片的个体识别。目前 ,这是法医人类学中一门较活跃的领域 ,即法医骨组织学。法医骨组织学的内容主要包括两个方面 :(1)骨骼残片是否属于人类骨骼 ,或属于何种动物骨骼。这方面的研究包括人类骨骼的组织学特征研究及不同动物的组织学特征研究。 (2 )人类骨骼个体识别的组织学研究。这方面的研究主要包括 ,人类骨骼的组织学特征的年龄判断 ,例如股骨、胫骨、肱骨、锁骨等 ,以及使用骨组织学方法 ,进行人类骨骼的年龄评价的准确性研究。本文对上述内容进行了综述。     

外伤性主动脉破裂死亡30例法医病理学研究

目的　探讨外伤性主动脉破裂法医病理学特点。　方法　对华西医科大学法医学院 1983 -2 0 0 3年 3月所做 3 0例外伤性主动脉破裂病理资料进行回顾性研究。　结果　外伤性主动脉破裂以男性青壮年为主 ( 66% ) ,1983 -1993年以高坠为主 ,1994-2 0 0 3年以车祸为主 ,损伤发生部位以主动脉弓部及起始部为常见 ,且绝大多伤者在 3 0min内死亡。　结论　外伤性主动脉破裂发生 ,应以预防为主。     

Identification of mechanical asphyxiation in cases of attempted masking of the homicide

Five homicides are described that had remained unexplained as to the causes of death after gross pathology. Although general signs of asphyxiation were present, they were lacking injuries specific of strangulation or oro-nasal occlusion. The diagnoses of asphyxiation were established by microscopical investigation of the lung and confirmed by subsequent police inquiries. An oro-nasal occlusion was involved in three cases, a strangulation or an oro-nasal occlusion, in another case. The victims were young and healthy. Toxicological investigations remained negative in four cases; one victim was anaesthetized by bromazepam and ether and had a blood alcohol concentration of 80 mg/100 ml. Lung histology and electron microscopy revealed acute emphysema, the development of a haemorrhagic-dysoric syndrome and a microembolism syndrome. With regard to the haemorrhagic-dysoric syndrome, the development of alveolar-interstitial edema is particularly important. This finding may also be diagnosed by light microscopy in semi-thin sections. It is emphasized that the combined action of several pathomechanisms is responsible for the rapid manifestation of the pulmonary lesions. Especially, the haemorrhagic-dysoric syndrome is brought about by the combined action of inspiratory intrapulmonary vacuum and raised intracapillary pressure. The complex pattern allows to compile the diagnosis of mechanical asphyxia even if there is no corresponding injury.     

Histological age prediction from the femur in a contemporary Dutch sample. The decrease of nonremodeled bone in the anterior cortex

This paper presents an uncomplicated and minimally invasive method for age-at-death determination in a contemporary Dutch (West European) population, by modifying the approach of assessment based on the age-related remodeling of bone tissue. In contrast to the usual "osteon count," a "non-remodeled tissue count" is undertaken. To optimize the method, proper zeroing of the polarization filter set of the microscope is essential. Instructions for setting the filters are given. A sample of femoral shaft segments totaling 162 individuals with ages ranging from 15 to 96 years is analyzed. Subperiosteal quantitative assessments are recorded at the most anterior point of the femoral shaft and also at points 25 degrees to the left and to the right of that point. Interobserver agreement in the assessments shows an acceptable degree of correlation. Bone remodeling with age does not progress in a linear, but in a curvilinear manner. Dependence of predicted age on nonremodeled surface counts in the analyzed areas of the anterior cortex of the femur appears to be significant. A set of regression equations is given. Sex can be ignored in age prediction. The small but statistically significant dependence of predicted age on cadaver length corresponds with the present strong secular increase in stature in the Netherlands. A concise catalogue with micrograph examples for every 10-year period in life is available upon request.     

Assessment of intra- and intercostal variation in rib histomorphometry: its impact on evidentiary examination

Rib histological age estimation requires the evaluation of the middle third of the sixth rib. Human ribs have thin cortices and, when recovered, are often fragmented or absent, making it difficult to identify a specific midthoracic rib. This research explores the amount of microstructure variation in the middle third of the midthoracic ribs and determines whether the sixth rib age prediction equation can be applied to non-sixth ribs with similar accuracy. The amount of variability must be evaluated in order to meet the criterion for evidentiary examination. The sample consists of 120 cortical bone cross-sections from the middle third of ribs 3-8 removed from 20 cadavers. For each rib, osteon population densities (OPDs) and associated age estimates were calculated. The results demonstrate that non-sixth ribs can provide similar OPD values compared with those of the sixth ribs; however, individual variation proved to be significantly associated with bias, suggesting that individual factors influence the magnitude and direction of bias in non-sixth rib OPD values. This demonstrates the importance of evaluating multiple cross-sections (both intra- and inter-rib) to estimate age due to the normal remodeling variation within individuals.